"the effective use of a variety of techniques can influence how we respond to characters"

Techniques are used effectively in order to influence the readers views of the characters. Shakespeare uses a variety of techniques to shape how we respond to the central characters, especially the complex character of Iago. 

Iago is seen as a charming and honest person by others in the play and is even referred to as “honest Iago” throughout the play. However, Shakespeare’s use of language directly indicates that this is all an act, and he is secretly an evil character who is determined for revenge on Othello. In act 1 scene 1 we are immediately shown this as Iago says, “I follow him to serve my turn upon him”. Iago says this line to Roderigo as he explains that he secretly hates Othello and is plotting against him. Although everyone, including Othello, believes that Iago is a loyal friend. Iago uses this to his advantage as he can easily manipulate and control Othello. The quote shows that even from the very start of the play, Shakespeare’s use of language is shaping our views on Iago and how he is already looking for ways to bring Othello’s down. Shakespeare truly shows us how cruel and ruthless Iago really is when in Act 4, scene 1 he says, “strangle her in bed, even the bed she hath contaminated”. This shows how controlling Iago is as he wants to also chose the way Desdemona dies. The use of language portrays how sinister Iago really is as he is not satisfied with Desdemona having a peaceful death.
Shakespeare also shows us that Iago is a misogynistic, sexist and even racist person by effectively using techniques such as imagery and irony. Whether it is in soliloquies or in dialogues, Iago constantly makes offensive comments about women. He believes that all women are unfaithful and should be kept inside. In Act 2 scene 1, Iago makes offensive comments towards his wife Emilia in a casual way in front of many. “Come on, come on. You are pictures out of door, bells in your parlours; wildcats in your kitchens, saints in your injuries; devils being offended, players in your housewifery, and hussies in your beds.”
Shakespeare uses imagery to show the racist thoughts of Iago. In act 1 scene 1 while talking to Desdemona’s father, Iago says, “At this very minute an old black ram is having sex with your little white lamb. Wake up, wake up, ring a bell and wake up all the snoring citizens. If you wait too long, you'll have black grandchildren”. The animal imagery used here shows how Iago views black people and we can suggest that this is another reason why he has so much unfair, cruel hatred towards Othello.
The frequent use of language, imagery and irony shape how we view Iago compared to how he is viewed by the other characters. We get an insight into his thoughts and how much of a cruel, misogynistic and evil villain he really is.